A panic attack is a sudden surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes and involves a cluster of physical and psychological symptoms. These can include rapid heart rate, chest pain or tightness, shortness of breath, dizziness, sweating, chills or hot flashes, numbness or tingling, nausea, a feeling of unreality or detachment, and an intense fear of dying, losing control, or "going crazy."

Physically, a panic attack is your body's fight-or-flight response firing at full intensity — without an actual threat to justify it. Your nervous system has sent out a full emergency alarm, mobilizing every system in your body for survival. Which is why it feels so physically real and so terrifying. You're not imagining it. Your body is having a genuine, intense physiological response.

What makes panic attacks particularly cruel is that the physical symptoms themselves (racing heart, difficulty breathing, chest pain) feel like evidence that something is medically wrong — which then intensifies the fear — which then intensifies the physical symptoms. This feedback loop is what makes a panic attack so overwhelming and so hard to stop once it starts.